Key
TERMINOLOGIES
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Desert
- The geographical unit area that receives an annual rainfall of less than 25 CM is known as a desert.
- On Earth, we have two kinds of deserts-
- Hot desert, and
- Cold desert.
Hot
Desert
- A hot desert is a region characterised by very high temperatures, often reaching up to 50°C, and receiving less than 25 cm of annual rainfall.
- Due to extremely low precipitation and high evaporation, vegetation is sparse and the climate remains dry throughout most of the year.
- Sahara,
- Atacama,
- Arabian,
- Sonoran &
- The Mojave Desert is a prominent example of a hot desert.
Cold desert
 |
| Ladakh Cold Desert |
- Places with freezing or near-freezing temperatures, and
- receive their annual precipitation in the form of snowfall, known as cold deserts.
- Great Basin,
- Patagonian,
- Ladakh,
- Gobi,
- Polar Arctic &
- Polar Antarctic
Al Azizi
- A town situated in the country of the African continent recorded the highest temperature of around 58 degrees centigrade in the year 1990.
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Why is the sky of the Sahara cloudless and clear?
- The less amount of precipitation causes less amount of evaporation, and as a byproduct of it, less amount of cloud formation happens in the sky, which results in a cloudless and clear sky
The
solar day temperature range of the Sahara, and why?
- The daily (diurnal) temperature range of the Sahara Desert is very high, where the daytime temperature may rise up to 50°C, while at night it can fall close to 0°C or sometimes even below it in some areas.
- Thus, the temperature range may be around 40°C to 50°C or in the middle of it within a single day.
- Two main factors are responsible for it-
- Less amount of precipitation, resulting in
- Sparse vegetation,
- Low humidity, and
- Less or no cloud formation
Oasis
- As we know the character of air, in which,
- "wind below from a high-pressure zone towards a low-pressure zone horizontally, in a definite direction", is known as wind.
- So, when wind, in the Sahara desert region, blows at a high speed, it erodes the surface of the soil.
- As a result, depressed areas form, and, at the surface, groundwater comes out.
- In this process, a geographic feature, made out of this process, with natural vegetation around itself, is known as an oasis.
Tafilalet
oasis
- An Oasis situated in Morocco is one of the largest oases of the Saharan region.
Bedouins
-&- Tuaregs
- These two are the nomadic tribes of the Sahara Desert.
Robes
- A type of garment the Saharan people used to wear to protect themselves from dust, storms, and hot wind.
A major populated area of the Sahara Desert?
- The -
- oasis and
- The Nile River valley is the most populated area of the Sahara region.
 |
| Nile River Valley |
Depression?
- A low-lying area formed out of the erosion of the surface, because of high-speed wind blowing, known as a depression.
- In simple words, depression is a byproduct of surface wind erosion.
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Zanskar Mountain
- In the mountain region of India, we have the Himalayas, and, to the north of the Himalayas, we have another mountain range known as the "trans-Himalayas."
- In the Trans-Himalaya, we have three ranges.
- Karakoram,
- Ladakh and
- Zanskar.
- Out of this, the "Zaskar mountains" are situated southward, while the "Ladakh mountains," in the middle and northernmost mountain range of India, are part of the "Karakoram mountain" range.
What
is altitude, and the altitude of Ladakh
- The height of a place, when we measure it from the sea surface, is known as attitude.
- The range of altitude of Ladakh is from 3000 meters in Ladakh up to 8000 meters in the Karakoram.
The
solar day temperature range of Ladakh
- Ladakh is an example of a cold desert.
- The range of temperature is from zero degrees up to - 30 degrees.
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